Turkmenistan's history spans thousands of years, from the ancient Bronze Age civilizations of Gonur Depe to the mighty Parthian Empire, the Silk Road era, Mongol conquests, and eventual incorporation into the Russian Empire before gaining independence in 1991. This land has been home to great empires, nomadic tribes, and remarkable civilizations that shaped the course of Central Asian and world history. Explore the rich tapestry of events that forged modern Turkmenistan.
